Evaluasi Teknologi Pendukung Work-From-Home: Studi Kasus pada Badan Kepegawaian Negara

Isi Artikel Utama

Galih Kenang Avianto

Abstrak

Penerapan working-from-home (WFH) di instansi pemerintah belum diikuti dengan perubahan regulasi yang menaunginya. Akibatnya, investasi dan usaha pemerintah untuk mendorong adopsi WFH sebagai upaya meningkatkan produktivitas pegawai menjadi tidak optimal yang disebabkan beragam faktor. Faktor yang memengaruhi pegawai menggunakan teknologi WFH perlu dianalisis agar pegawai tetap memiliki keinginan bekerja dari rumah pasca-pandemi dan penerapannya dapat mendukung tujuan organisasi. UTAUT digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan model penelitian dengan menambahkan faktor lain berdasarkan literatur. Metode PLS-SEM digunakan untuk menganalisis data dan menguji hipotesis yang diajukan. Perceived self-efficacy dan Compatibility merupakan faktor yang terbukti berpengaruh posisitif terhadap adopsi teknologi WFH dengan kekuatan prediksi model sebesar 57.7%. Organisasi yang memberikan pilihan WFH bagi pegawainya harus menyediakan pelatihan dan mengidentifikasi jenis pekerjaan yang sesuai sehingga pegawai akan bersedia melakukan WFH meskipun pandemi telah selesai.

Rincian Artikel

Bagian
Articles

Referensi

Athanasiadou, Chrisalena, and Georgios Theriou. 2021. “Telework: Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.” Heliyon 7 (10): e08165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08165.

Bick, Alexander, Adam Blandin, and Karel Mertens. 2021. “Work from Home before and after the Covid-19 Outbreak.” Available at SSRN 3786142.

Chauhan, Sumedha, and Mahadeo Jaiswal. 2016. “Determinants of Acceptance of ERP Software Training in Business Schools: Empirical Investigation Using UTAUT Model.” The International Journal of Management Education 14 (3): 248–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2016.05.005.

Chin, Wynne W. 1998. “The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling.” Modern Methods for Business Research 295 (2): 295–336.

Choudhury, Prithwiraj. 2020. “Our Work-from-Anywhere Future.” Harvard Business Review. November 2020. https://hbr.org/2020/11/our-work-from-anywhere-future.

Civelek, Mustafa Emre. 2018. Essentials of Structural Equation Modeling. Zea Books. Lincoln, Nebraska: Zea Books. https://doi.org/10.13014/K2SJ1HR5.

Deloitte. 2022. “The Deloitte Global 2022 Gen Z and Millennial Survey.” https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/deloitte-2022-genz-millennial-survey.pdf.

DeLone, William H., and Ephraim R. McLean. 2016. “Information Systems Success Measurement.” In Foundations and Trends in Information Systems, 1–116. Hanover: now Publisher Inc.

Elshaiekh, N E M, Y A A Hassan, and A A A Abdallah. 2018. “The Impacts of Remote Working on Workers Performance.” In 2018 International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIT.2018.8672704.

Etikan, Ilker, Sulaiman Abubakar Musa, and Rukayya Sunusi Alkassim. 2016. “Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling.” American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistic 5 (1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11.

Ferreira, Rafael, Ruben Pereira, Isaías Scalabrin Bianchi, and Miguel Mira da Silva. 2021. “Decision Factors for Remote Work Adoption: Advantages, Disadvantages, Driving Forces and Challenges.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010070.

Flavian, Carlos, Miguel Guinalíu, and Pau Jordan. 2019. “Antecedents and Consequences of Trust on a Virtual Team Leader.” European Journal of Management and Business Economics 28 (1): 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-11-2017-0043.

Flores, Marivic F. 2019. “Understanding the Challenges of Remote Working and It’s Impact to Workers.” International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) 4 (11): 40–44.

Graves, Laura M, and Asya Karabayeva. 2020. “Managing Virtual Workers—Strategies for Success.” IEEE Engineering Management Review 48 (2): 166–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2020.2990386.

Hair, Joe F., Lucy M. Matthews, Ryan L. Matthews, and Marko Sarstedt. 2017. “PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: Updated Guidelines on Which Method to Use.” International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis 1 (2): 107–23. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.087624.

Hair, Joseph F., G. Tomas M. Hult, Christian M. Ringle, and Marko Sarstedt. 2017. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Second. London: Sage Publication.

International Data Corporation. 2021. “Asia/Pacific Leads the Shift to Digital-First with 1 in 3 Companies Generating More Than 30% Revenues from Digital Products and Services By 2023, IDC Predicts.” International Data Corporation. October 31, 2021. https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prAP48347921.

Irawanto, Dodi Wirawan, Khusnul Rofida Novianti, and Kenny Roz. 2021. “Work from Home: Measuring Satisfaction between Work–Life Balance and Work Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.” Economies 9 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030096.

Jang, Moonkyoung, Milla Aavakare, Seongcheol Kim, and Shahrokh Nikou. 2020. “The Effects of Digital Literacy and Information Literacy on the Intention to Use Digital Technologies for Learning - A Comparative Study in Korea and Finland.” In . ITS Online Event, 14-17 June 2020. Calgary: International Telecommunications Society (ITS). http://hdl.handle.net/10419/224858.

Karunia, Ade Miranto. 2022. “Ratusan CPNS Mundur Gara-Gara Gaji Kecil? Menteri Tjahjo: Padahal Ada Tukin, Gaji Ke-13, Uang Lembur Sampai Pensiun Seumur Hidup...” Kompas. June 3, 2022. https://money.kompas.com/read/2022/06/03/062615526/ratusan-cpns-mundur-gara-gara-gaji-kecil-menteri-tjahjo-padahal-ada-tukin-gaji?page=all.

Langa, G Z, and D P Conradie. 2003. “Perceptions and Attitudes with Regard to Teleworking among Public Sector Officials in Pretoria: Applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).” Communicatio 29 (1–2): 280–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/02500160308538032.

Lidwina, Andrea. 2020. “Kiprah Milenial Di Pucuk Pemerintahan.” Katadata. February 18, 2020. https://katadata.co.id/safrezifitra/analisisdata/5e9a57af91240/kiprah-milenial-di-pucuk-pemerintahan.

Momani, Alaa, Mamoun Jamous, and Shadi M Hilles. 2017. “Technology Acceptance Theories: Review and Classification.” International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 7 (April): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCBPL.2017040101.

Morganson, Valerie J, Debra A Major, Kurt L Oborn, Jennifer M Verive, and Michelle P Heelan. 2010. “Comparing Telework Locations and Traditional Work Arrangements.” Journal of Managerial Psychology 25 (6): 578–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941011056941.

Nwakego, Joy Okoli. 2016. “The Slow Adoption of Telecommuting in South Africa.” Dissertation, Cape Town: Cape Peninsula University of Technology.

O’brien, Robert M. 2007. “A Caution Regarding Rules of Thumb for Variance Inflation Factors.” Quality & Quantity 41 (5): 673–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6.

Ofosu-Ampong, Kingsley, and Bryan Acheampong. 2022. “Adoption of Contactless Technologies for Remote Work in Ghana Post-Covid-19: Insights from Technology-Organisation-Environment Framework.” Digital Business 2 (2): 100023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100023.

OWL Labs. 2020. “State of Remote Work.” https://resources.owllabs.com/hubfs/website/sorw/2020/owl-labs_sorw-2020_report-download_FINAL_07oct2020.pdf.

Parker, Kim, Juliana Menasce Horowwitz, and Rachel Minkin. 2022. “COVID-19 Pandemic Continues To Reshape Work in America.” PEW Research Center. February 16, 2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2022/02/16/covid-19-pandemic-continues-to-reshape-work-in-america/.

Parker, Sharon K., Caroline Knight, and Anita Keller. 2020. “Remote Managers Are Having Trust Issues.” Harvard Business Review. June 30, 2020. https://hbr.org/2020/07/remote-managers-are-having-trust-issues.

Quéré, Corinne le, Robert B Jackson, Matthew W Jones, Adam J P Smith, Sam Abernethy, Robbie M Andrew, Anthony J De-Gol, et al. 2020. “Temporary Reduction in Daily Global CO2 Emissions during the COVID-19 Forced Confinement.” Nature Climate Change 10 (7): 647–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0797-x.

Raghuram, Sumita, N. Sharon Hill, Jennifer L. Gibbs, and Likoebe M. Maruping. 2019. “Virtual Work: Bridging Research Clusters.” Academy of Management Annals 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2017.0020.

Raghuram, Sumita, Batia Wiesenfeld, and Raghu Garud. 2003. “Technology Enabled Work: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Determining Telecommuter Adjustment and Structuring Behavior.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 63 (2): 180–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00040-X.

Raus, Marta, Jianwei Liu, and Alexander Kipp. 2010. “Evaluating IT Innovations in a Business-to-Government Context: A Framework and Its Applications.” Government Information Quarterly 27 (2): 122–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2009.04.007.

Razif, Mohammad, Bobby Ardiansyah Miraja, Satria Fadil Persada, Reny Nadlifatin, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Anak Agung Ngurah Perwira Redi, and Shu-Chiang Lin. 2020. “Investigating the Role of Environmental Concern and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology on Working from Home Technologies Adoption during COVID-19.” Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 8 (1): 795–808.

Recker, Jan. 2013. Scientific Research in Information Systems: A Beginner’s Guide. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30048-6.

Robinson, Bryan. 2022. “Remote Work Is Here To Stay And Will Increase Into 2023, Experts Say.” Forbes. February 1, 2022.

Roger, E.M. 1995. Diffusion of Innovations (4th Ed.). New York: Free Press.

Saptohutomo, Aryo Putranto. 2022. “Rencana ‘Work from Anywhere’ Bagi PNS, Apa Itu?” Kompas. May 13, 2022. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/05/13/14213221/rencana-work-from-anywhere-bagi-pns-apa-itu?page=all.

Sarah, Siti. 2021. “Peraturan Ganjil Genap Di Jakarta Selama PPKM.” Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. November 3, 2021. https://corona.jakarta.go.id/id/artikel/peraturan-ganjil-genap-di-jakarta-selama-ppkm.

Sarstedt, Marko, and Jun-Hwa Cheah. 2019. “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Using SmartPLS: A Software Review.” Journal of Marketing Analytics 7 (3): 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-019-00058-3.

Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. 2022. “Perkembangan Kasus Terkonfirmasi Positif Covid-19 Per-Hari.” Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. June 5, 2022. https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran.

Shaar, Eshaq M al, Shadi Ahmed Khattab, Raed Naser Alkaied, and Abdelkareem Q Manna. 2015. “The Effect of Top Management Support on Innovation: The Mediating Role of Synergy between Organizational Structure and Information Technology.” International Review of Management and Business Research 4 (2): 499–513.

Sia, Choon-Ling, Hock-Hai Teo, B C Y Tan, and Kwok-Kee Wei. 2004. “Effects of Environmental Uncertainty on Organizational Intention to Adopt Distributed Work Arrangements.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 51 (3): 253–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2004.830859.

Silva-C, Alejandro, Iván A Montoya R, and Jhoany A Valencia A. 2019. “The Attitude of Managers toward Telework, Why Is It so Difficult to Adopt It in Organizations?” Technology in Society 59: 101133. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.04.009.

United Nations. 2020. “UN E-Government Survey 2020.”

Valsamidis, Stavros, Ioannis Petasakis, Sotirios Kontogiannis, and Fotini Perdiki. 2019. “Factors of Usage Evaluation for a Tax Information System.” International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 11 (3): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJISSS.2019070101.

Venkatesh, Viswanath, and Fred D. Davis. 2000. “A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies.” Management Science 46 (2): 186–204.

Venkatesh, Viswanath, Michael G. Morris, Gordon B. Davis, and Fred D. Davis. 2003. “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View.” MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems 27 (3): 425–78. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540.

Wilson, Melanie, and Anita Greenhill. 2004. “Gender and Teleworking Identities in the Risk Society: A Research Agenda.” New Technology, Work and Employment 19 (3): 207–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2004.00138.x.

Yu, Ping, and Siyu Qian. 2018. “Developing a Theoretical Model and Questionnaire Survey Instrument to Measure the Success of Electronic Health Records in Residential Aged Care.” Edited by Anne EM Brabers. PLOS ONE 13 (1): e0190749. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190749.