Pelajaran dari Aktivisme Digital KawalCOVID19 dalam Melawan Infodemic pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia
Bilah Samping Artikel
Read Counter : 301
Download : 363
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
Infodemic and inadequate government public communications have encouraged the birth of digital activism KawalCOVID19 as a source of information about COVID-19. This article aims to identify practices, challenges, and forms of KawalCOVID19 digital activism in fighting the infodemic in Indonesia. This study uses the concept of infodemic, digital activism, and New Social Movement theory with a single case study qualitative method. This study found that KawalCOVID19 fights the infodemic with strategies for collecting, verifying, and analyzing COVID-19 data at the regional and central levels; providing informational, educational, and verification content about COVID-19; disseminating information on the website and social media to the public, and advocating government policy; and collaborating to extend the reach. KawalCOVID19 faces challenges from technological, interactional, personal, and policy perspectives. KawalCOVID19 is a form of data activism in the category of digital gladiatorial activities. Furthermore, digital activism continues to grow and presents opportunities for theoretical and empirical studies with different contexts and different activism actors and also analysis of the reception of activism.
Rincian Artikel
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal IPTEK-KOM menggunakan kebijakan akses terbuka. Syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh Penulis sebagai berikut:
- Penulis menyimpan hak cipta dan memberikan jurnal hak penerbitan pertama naskah secara simultan dengan lisensi di bawah Creative Commons Attribution License yang mengizinkan orang lain untuk berbagi pekerjaan dengan sebuah pernyataan kepenulisan pekerjaan dan penerbitan awal di jurnal ini.
- Penulis bisa memasukkan ke dalam penyusunan kontraktual tambahan terpisah untuk distribusi non ekslusif versi kaya terbitan jurnal (contoh: mempostingnya ke repositori institusional atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan pengakuan penerbitan awalnya di jurnal ini.
- Penulis diizinkan dan didorong untuk mem-posting karya mereka online (contoh: di repositori institusional atau di website mereka) sebelum dan selama proses penyerahan, karena dapat mengarahkan ke pertukaran produktif, seperti halnya sitiran yang lebih awal dan lebih hebat dari karya yang diterbitkan. (Lihat Efek Akses Terbuka).
Referensi
Abers, Rebecca Neaera, Federico M. Rossi, dan Marisa von Bülow. 2021. “State–society relations in uncertain times: Social movement strategies, ideational contestation and the pandemic in Brazil and Argentina.” International Political Science Review 42 (3): 333–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512121993713.
Aida, Nur Rohmi, dan Sari Hardiyanto. 2020. “Update, Berikut 15 Negara yang Berlakukan Lockdown akibat Virus Corona Halaman all - Kompas.com.” kompas.com. 22 Maret 2020. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/03/22/183000465/update-berikut-15-negara-yang-berlakukan-lockdown-akibat-virus-corona?page=all.
Annisa, Firly, Gilang Jiwana Adikara, dan Intania Poerwaningtias. 2020. “Kampanye Daring Japelidi dalam Bingkai Budaya Partisipasi.” Dalam Kolaborasi Lawan (HOAKS) Covid-19: Kampanye, Riset dan Pengalaman di Tengah Pandemi, disunting oleh Novi Kurnia, Lestari Nurhajati, dan Santi Indra Astuti, 55–77. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Magister Ilmu Komunikasi UGM.
Baack, Stefan. 2015. “Datafication and empowerment: How the open data movement re-articulates notions of democracy, participation, and journalism.” Big Data & Society 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715594634.
BBC News Indonesia. 2021. “Angka kematian Covid-19: Beda data pemerintah pusat dan daerah capai 19.000 kasus, ‘hijau di luar merah di dalam.’” bbc.com. 28 Juli 2021. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-57971840.
Buechler, Steven M. 1995. “New Social Movement Theories.” The Sociological Quarterly, Summer 36 (3): 441–64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4120774.
CNN Indonesia. 2020. “Kemenkes Duga WN China di Bali Terjangkit Corona di Shanghai.” cnnindonesia.com. 13 Februari 2020. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200213170654-20-474368/kemenkes-duga-wn-china-di-bali-terjangkit-corona-di-shanghai.
Covid19.go.id. 2020. “Pemerintah Pusat Dan Daerah Intensifkan Sinkronisasi Data Covid-19 - Berita Terkini | Covid19.go.id.” 2 Desember 2020. https://covid19.go.id/id/p/berita/pemerintah-pusat-dan-daerah-intensifkan-sinkronisasi-data-covid-19.
———. 2021. “Data Vaksinasi COVID-19 (Update per 31 Desember 2021.” 31 Desember 2021. https://covid19.go.id/id/berita/data-vaksinasi-covid-19-update-31-desember-2021.
detikcom. 2020. “Menkes Budi Gunadi Terima Relawan Corona, dr Tirta: Ini Sejarah!” 24 Desember 2020. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5308261/menkes-budi-gunadi-terima-relawan-corona-dr-tirta-ini-sejarah.
Dumitrica, Delia, dan Mylynn Felt. 2020. “Mediated grassroots collective action: negotiating barriers of digital activism.” Information Communication and Society 23 (13): 1821–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1618891.
Eysenbach, Gunther. 2020. “How to fight an infodemic: The four pillars of infodemic management.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 22 (6). https://doi.org/10.2196/21820.
Farisa, Fitria Chusna, dan Bayu Galih. 2020. “LP3ES Catat Ada 37 Pernyataan Blunder Pemerintah soal Covid-19.” Kompas.com. 6 April 2020. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/04/06/17522121/lp3es-catat-ada-37-pernyataan-blunder-pemerintah-soal-covid-19?page=all.
Farizi, Sofia al, dan Bagus Nuari Harmawan. 2020. “Data Transparency and Information Sharing: Coronavirus Prevention Problems in Indonesia.” Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia 8 (2): 35. https://doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v8i2.2020.35-50.
Füssy, Peter. 2021. “Liberating COVID-19 Data with Volunteers in Brazil.” Dalam COVID-19 from the Margins: Pandemic Invisibilities, policies and Resistance in the Datafied Society, disunting oleh Stefania Milan, Emiliano Trere, dan Silvia Masiero, 241–45. Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures. https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/55600197/Covid19FromTheMargins.pdf.
George, Jordana J., dan Dorothy E. Leidner. 2019. “From clicktivism to hacktivism: Understanding digital activism.” Information and Organization 29 (3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2019.04.001.
Grimley, Naomi, Jack Cornish, dan Nassos Stylianou. 2022. “Covid: Jumlah kematian tak langsung, Indonesia tertinggi ketiga, di bawah India dan Rusia, menurut WHO - BBC News Indonesia.” BBC News Indonesia. 6 Mei 2022. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-61338083.
Hakim, Rakhmat Nur, dan Icha Rastika. 2020. “Pemerintah Anggarkan Rp 72 Miliar untuk Bayar Influencer demi Tingkatkan Pariwisata.” kompas.com. 25 Februari 2020. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/02/25/20380521/pemerintah-anggarkan-rp-72-miliar-untuk-bayar-influencer-demi-tingkatkan.
Heychael, Muhamad, Yovantra Arief, dan Muhammad Fajar. 2021. “Ekosistem Informasi Di Jakarta: Studi Ketimpangan Pasokan dan Permintaan Informasi Selama Pandemi Remotivi.” https://remotivi.or.id/penelitian/13/ekosistem-informasi-di-jakarta-studi-ketimpangan-pasokan-dan-permintaan-informasi-selama-pandemi.
Hidayah, Nuril, Cahya Suryani, Priska Nur Safitri, Santi Indra Astuti, Anita Ashivini Wahid, Puradian Wiryadigda, dan Krisna Danuaji. 2021. “Laporan Pemetaan Hoaks COVID-19 Tahun 2020 – MAFINDO.” https://www.mafindo.or.id/blog/2021/10/18/laporan-pemetaan-hoaks-covid-19-tahun-2020/.
KawalCOVID19. 2021. “KawalCOVID19 di Twitter: ‘Tuips - 20 bulan sejak pandemi, kini situasi Indonesia membaik & mulai terkendali, maka update data kasus harian & vaksinasi kami hentikan. Akun ini tetap ada - apabila ada info tentang covid atau sekadar RT berita relevan / signifikan. https://t.co/LSJtpk4aRg’ / Twitter.” Twitter. 3 November 2021. https://twitter.com/KawalCOVID19/status/1455897624880431112.
KawalCOVID19.id. 2020. “KawalCOVID19 untuk mengurai derasnya informasi seputar COVID-19.” kawalcovid19.id. 2020. https://kawalcovid19.id/tentang-kami.
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. 2020. “Pemerintah RI Nyatakan Komitmen Tangani Infodemic.” www.kominfo.go.id. 23 September 2020. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/29609/siaran-pers-no-116hmkominfo092020-tentang-pemerintah-ri-nyatakan-komitmen-tangani-infodemic/0/siaran_pers.
Lavenia, Anastasya. 2021. “Media Warga di Kala Wabah: Bukti Kegagalan Pemerintah.” Remotivi. 14 Juli 2021. https://www.remotivi.or.id/headline/konsep-dan-isu/694.
Lee, Antony. 2018. “‘GUARDING THE ELECTIONS ONLINE’: New Practices, Trust, and Empowerment of Citizens Identities 1.” Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 8 (1): 11–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v8i1.89.
Milan, Stefania. 2017. “Data Activism as the New Frontier of Media Activism.” Dalam Media Activism in the Digital Age: Charting an Evolving Field of Research, disunting oleh Goubin Yang dan Viktor Pickard, 2017 ed. Routledge. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2882030.
Milan, Stefania, dan Lonneke van der Velden. 2016. “The alternative epistemologies of data activism.” http://ssrn.com/abstract=2850470.
Monggilo, Zainuddin Muda Z. 2020a. “Komunikasi publik pemerintah masa COVID-19: Telaah kritis sistem informasi publik.” Dalam Tata Kelola Penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia: Kajian Awal, disunting oleh Wawan Mas’udi dan Poppy S. Winanti. Gadjah Mada University Press.
———. 2020b. “Sistem informasi publik COVID-19: Telaah konten chatbot dalam melawan gangguan informasi masa pandemi.” Dalam Kolaborasi lawan (hoaks) COVID-19: Kampanye, Riset, dan Pengalaman Japelidi di Tengah Pandemi, disunting oleh Novi Kurnia, Lestari Nurhajati, dan Santi Indra Astuti, 331–51. Program Studi Magister Ilmu Komunikasi UGM.
Moskal, Anna, Maciej Andruszko, Andrzej Ciepły, Sabina Długosz, dan Krystian Petz. 2022. Social Movements in a Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361309108.
Paskarina, Caroline. 2020. “Digital Activism and Democracy in Indonesia Learning from the Foregoing Research Issues (2014-2020).” Indonesian Journal of Political Research (IJPR) 1 (Desember): 2747–2590.
Pichardo, Nelson A. 1997. “New Social Movements: A Critical Review.” Source: Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 23.
Putri, Ann. 2020. “Tentang Mereka yang Melawan Covid-19 dengan Informasi.” Remotivi. 11 Mei 2020. https://dev.remotivi.or.id/headline/konsep-dan-isu/591.
Treré, Emiliano, dan Anne Kaun. 2021. “Digital Media Activism.” https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110740202-019.
Wardle, Claire. 2019. Understanding Information Disorder. First Draft.
Wardle, Claire, dan Hossein Derakhshan. 2017. “INFORMATION DISORDER: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making Information Disorder Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking.” www.coe.int.
———. 2018. “Thinking about ‘information disorder’: formats of misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information.” Dalam Journalism, “Fake News” & Disinformation, disunting oleh Cherilyn Ireton dan Posetti Julie. UNESCO.
WargaBantuWarga. 2021. “Informasi Faskes & Alkes untuk COVID-19 | Warga Bantu Warga.” wargabantuwarga.com. 2021. https://www.wargabantuwarga.com/.
Winanti, Poppy S, dan Wawan Mas’udi. 2020. “Policy Brief Edisi 3 Problem Infodemic dalam Merespons Pandemi COVID-19.” https://fisipol.ugm.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/1056/2020/04/Policy-Brief-Problem-Infodemic-dalam-Merespon-Pandemi-COVID-19.pdf.
World Health Organization. 2021. “Infodemic management: an overview of infodemic management during COVID-19, January 2020-May 2021.” https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240035966.
World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia. 2020. “Communicating and Managing Uncertainty in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A quick guide.” https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/whe/coronavirus19/managing-uncertainty-in-covid-19-a-quick-guide.pdf.
Youngs, Richard, Marisa von Bülow, Cristina Buzasu, Youssef Cherif, Hafsa Halawa, Ming-sho Ho, Maureen Kademaunga, dkk. 2021. “Civil Society and the Global Pandemic: Building Back Different? Carnegie Civic Research Network.” https://carnegieendowment.org/files/2021-CRN_Global%20Pandemic.pdf.
Zarocostas, John. 2020. “How to fight an infodemic.” Lancet (London, England) 395 (10225): 676. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X.