MEDIA MASSA DAN KONSTRUKSI REALITAS (Analisis Framing Terhadap Pemberitaan SKB Menteri Tentang Ahmadiyah di Indonesia pada Suratkabar Harian Suara Pembaruan dan Republika)
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Abstract
Ahmadiyah issue in Indonesia drew an attention of mass media. The main problem was about question whether Ahmadiyah activity was part of the freedom of faith or blasphemy. This paper dealt with mass media construction about this case. Object of study was Suara Pembaruan and Republika daily newspaper. This study was conducted by framing analysis and by referring to the theory of social construction. Analytical technic used was introduced by Gerald Zongdang and Pan Kosicky. This study resulted that Suara Pembaruan regarded Ahmadiyah activity as part of faith freedom. Meanwhile, Republika regarded Ahmadiyah activity as a blasphemy to basic islamic principles. Suara Pembaruan urged government to be consistent to uphold constitution and guarantee all citizen to practice their own faith freely. Ministerial collective decree on Ahmadiyah was not solution. On the contrary, Republika recommended government to issue the decree as soon as possible.
Persoalan eksistensi Jamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI) sampai saat ini menarik perhatian media massa. Persoalan utamanya adalah apakah aktivitas Ahmadiyah bagian dari kebebasan beragama atau penodaan agama. Tulisan ini akan membahas tentang bagaimana sikap media massa (Suara Pembaruan dan Republika) terkait masalah Ahmadiyah yang dikonstruksi melalui framing. Dengan mengacu pada teori konstruksi realitas, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan analisis wacana dengan teknik analisis yang diperkenalkan oleh Gerald Zongdang dan Pan Kosicky. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Suara Pembaruan memandang bahwa persoalan Ahmadiyah ini menyangkut persoalan HAM/kebebasan beragama. Republika justru memandang sebaliknya, aktivitas Ahmadiyah sebagai bentuk penistaan, pelecehan, penyimpangan, serta penodaan terhadap pokok-pokok ajaran Islam. Sikap yang harus diambil pemerintah menurut Suara Pembaruan adalah pemerintah konsisten menjaga konstitusi dan menjamin seluruh warga negara bebas menjalankan agama dan keyakinannya. SKB menteri bukanlah solusi. Republika justru secara tegas menyatakan pemerintah sebaiknya segera mengeluarkan SKB Ahmadiyah.
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