Analisis Aksesibilitas Website berdasarkan Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): Ulasan Literatur Sistematis (An Analysis of Website Accessibility Based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): A Systematic Literature Review)
Article Sidebar
Read Counter : 2024
Download : 2173
Main Article Content
Abstract
Website memberikan banyak kemudahan bagi masyarakat untuk memperoleh informasi. Akan tetapi, masih banyak website yang sulit diakses oleh pengguna penyandang disabilitas karena belum mengikuti pedoman Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG merupakan pedoman aksesibilitas website yang disepakati dunia internasional. Makalah ini akan memaparkan mengenai kajian literatur penelitian aksesibilitas website yang menggunakan alat evaluasi otomatis. Rujukan penelitian ini adalah makalah yang diterbitkan mulai dari tahun 2015 sampai 2020. Hasil kajian literatur menunjukkan bahwa alat evaluasi yang banyak digunakan oleh peneliti adalah Wave, Taw, dan Achecker. Pemilihan alat evaluasi disesuaikan dengan hasil laporan yang diinginkan oleh peneliti. Sebagian besar website yang telah diteliti sampai saat ini belum ada yang sepenuhnya memenuhi standar level A. Text alternative, use of color, link purpose, headings and labels merupakan kekurangan yang sering ditemukan dan menyebabkan website tidak memenuhi standar. Penelitian aksesibilitas banyak dilakukan terhadap website perguruan tinggi dan website pemerintahan agar lebih inklusif. Makalah ini dapat berkontribusi untuk memberikan wawasan mengenai aksesibilitas website supaya lebih mudah diakses oleh pengguna, termasuk pengguna penyandang disabilitas.
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Author (s) hold copyrights and retain copyrights of articles if the article is accepted for publishing.
- The author grants the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Public allowed to Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) this journal article content.
References
Acosta-Vargas, Patricia, Tania Acosta, and Sergio Lujan-Mora. 2018a. “Challenges to Assess Accessibility in Higher Education Websites: A Comparative Study of Latin America Universities.” IEEE Access 6: 36500–508. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2848978.
Acosta-Vargas, Patricia, Tania Acosta, and Sergio Lujan-Mora. 2018b. "Framework for Accessibility Evaluation of Hospital Websites." 2018 International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG), 2018, pp. 9-15, doi: 10.1109/ICEDEG.2018.8372368.
Acosta-Vargas, Patricia, Mario González, and Sergio Luján-Mora. 2020. “Dataset for Evaluating The Accessibility of The Websites of Selected Latin American Universities.” Data in Brief 28: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.105013.
Acosta, Tania, Patricia Acosta-Vargas, and Sergio Lujan-Mora. 2018. “Accessibility of EGovernment Services in Latin America.” 2018 5th International Conference on EDemocracy and EGovernment, ICEDEG 2018, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEDEG.2018.8372332.
Akgul, Yakup. 2017. “The Most Violated WCAG 1.0 Guidelines by the Developers of University Websites in Turkey.” Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, CISTI. https://doi.org/10.23919/CISTI.2017.7976007.
Akram, Muhammad, and Rosnafisah Bt Sulaiman. 2017. “A Systematic Literature Review to Determine the Web Accessibility Issues in Saudi Arabian University and Government Websites for Disable People.” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 8 (6). https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2017.080642.
Al-Bataineh, Abeer F., and Suleiman H. Mustafa. 2016. “How Jordanian E-Government Websites Respond to the Needs of People with Disabilities.” 7th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSTI), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSIT.2016.7549447.
Andrew Kirkpatrick, Joshue O Connor, Alastair Campbell, and Michael Cooper. n.d. “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1.” Accessed April 5, 2020. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/.
Baroudi, Maram, Mohammad Alia, and Abdalla Wasef Marashdih. 2020. “Evaluation of Accessibility and Usability of Higher Education Institutions’ Websites of Jordan.” In 2020 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems, ICICS 2020, 125–30. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICS49469.2020.239565.
Bilal, Muhammad, Zhi Yu, Shuyi Song, and Can Wang. 2019. “Evaluate Accessibility and Usability Issues of Particular China and Pakistan Government Websites.” In 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, ICAIBD 2019, 316–22. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAIBD.2019.8836990.
Campoverde-Molina, Milton, Sergio Lujan-Mora, and Llorenc Valverde Garcia. 2020. “Empirical Studies on Web Accessibility of Educational Websites: A Systematic Literature Review.” IEEE Access 8: 91676–700. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2994288.
Chisholm, Wendy, John Slatin, and Jason White. 2008. “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0.” 2008. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/.
Darmaputra, I. Gusti Bagus Ngurah Eka, Sony Surya Wijaya, and Media Anugerah Ayu. 2017. “Evaluating the Accessibility of Provinces’ e-Government Websites in Indonesia.” 2017 5th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management, CITSM 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITSM.2017.8089322.
Dongaonkar, Swikruti U., Ramkrishna S. Vadali, and Chandrakant Dhutadmal. 2017. “Accessibility Analyzer: Tool for New Adaptations in Government Web Applications to Improve Accessibility.” 2017 International Conference on Computing, Communication, Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCUBEA.2017.8463757.
Henry, Shawn Lawton, and Etc. 2019. “What’s New in WCAG 2.1.” Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). 2019. https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/new-in-21/.
Işeri, Erkut I., Kaan Uyar, and Ümit Ilhan. 2017. “The Accessibility of Cyprus Islands’ Higher Education Institution Websites.” In 9th International Conference on Theory and Application of Soft Computing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.333.
Ismail, Abid, and K. S. Kuppusamy. 2016a. “Accessibility Analysis of North Eastern India Region Websites for Persons with Disabilities.” 2016 International Conference on Accessibility to Digital World, ICADW 2016 - Proceedings, 145–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICADW.2016.7942530.
———. 2016b. “Accessibility of Indian Universities’ Homepages: An Exploratory Study.” Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 30: 268–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2016.06.006.
———. 2019. “Web Accessibility Investigation and Identification of Major Issues of Higher Education Websites with Statistical Measures: A Case Study of College Websites.” Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.03.011.
Kaur, Arvinder, Diksha Dani, and Gaurav Agrawal. 2017. “Evaluating The Accessibility, Usability and Security of Hospitals Websites: An Exploratory Study.” In 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering - Confluence, 674–80. https://10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2017.7943237.
Kemp, Simon. 2020. “Digital 2020: 3.8 Billion People Use Social Media.” 2020. https:// https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media.
Kesswani, Nishtha, and Sanjay Kumar. 2016. “Accessibility Analysis of Websites of Educational Institutions.” Perspectives in Science 8: 210–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.04.031.
Kitchenham, Barbara, and Stuart Charters. 2007. “Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering.” In Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in SE, 1–44.
Luján-Mora, Sergio, Rosa Navarrete, and Myriam Peñafiel. 2014. “EGovernment and Web Accessibility in South America.” 2014 1st International Conference on EDemocracy and EGovernment, ICEDEG 2014, 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEDEG.2014.6819953.
Okoli, Chitu. 2015. “A Guide to Conducting a Standalone Systematic Literature Review.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 37 (43): 879–910. https://doi.org/10.17705/1cais.03743.
Salvio, Kristen Bhing V. 2020. “Extending The Evaluation on Philippine E-Government Services on Its Accessibility for Disabled Person.” In Fourth World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems, Security and Sustainability (WorldS4), 428–34. https:// 10.1109/WorldS450073.2020.9210374 .
Sanchez-Gordon, Sandra, Sergio Lujan-Mora, and Mary Sanchez-Gordon. 2020. “E-Government Accessibility in Ecuador: A Preliminary Evaluation.” 7th International Conference on EDemocracy and EGovernment, ICEDEG 2020, 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEDEG48599.2020.9096766.
Soleh, Akhmad. 2014. “Kebijakan Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Yogyakarta Terhadap Penyandang Disabilitas.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 3 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2014.31.1-30.
Teixeira, Leonor, Celeste Eusebio, and Andre Silveiro. 2019. “Website Accessibility of Portuguese Travel Agents.” 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.23919/cisti.2019.8760949.
Wicaksono, Tio Tegar, Indira Kusumawardhani, and Kaysha Ainayya Sasdiyarto. 2018. “Optimization of Digital Technology to Create Accessible Learning in Universities.” In 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Education for All, 272:133–36. https://doi.org/10.2991/indoeduc-18.2018.35.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). 1997. “Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).” 1997. https://www.w3.org/WAI/References/access-brief.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). 2018. “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1.” 2018. http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag.php.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). 2019. “About W3C.” W3C. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.12.009.